John C. Bogle , founder of the Vanguard Group , writes, in today's Wall Street Journal, that corporate stewards have betrayed the trust of investors: "far too many of our corporate and financial agents have failed to honor the interests of their principals—the mutual fund investors and pension beneficiaries to whom they owed a fiduciary duty." Bogle traces this betrayal to the rise of "institutional investors" over the last half of the Twentieth Century. Institutional investors--mutual funds, and private and government pension plans--now control nearly 70% of stocks for US corporations, according to Bogle. This is nearly double the percentage they controlled in 1975. This growth in institutional investors has "linked the agents of corporate America with the agents of investment America," Bogle writes, and has brought several major changes to the way the US financial system operates. Here are two examples: First, the folly of short-term speculation has replaced the wisdom of long-term investing as the star of capitalism. A rent-a-stock system has replaced the earlier own-a-stock system. In 2009, the average stock turnover appears to have exceeded 250% (changed hands two and a half times), compared to 78% a decade ago, and 21% barely 30 years ago. Result: The momentary illusion of the price of a stock took center stage, replacing the enduring reality of the company's intrinsic value—the discounted value of its future cash flow. Our newly empowered agents ignored the famous warning of Benjamin Graham in "The Intelligent Investor" that "in the short run, the market is a voting machine; in the long run, it is a weighing machine." Two, the financial sector became the driving force in the U.S. economy. During the past decade, revenues of stock exchange firms (excluding trading gains or losses) rose to an estimated $375 billion from $200 billion, and mutual fund fees and expenses rose to nearly $100 billion from $47 billion. The higher these intermediation costs, of course, the lower the returns to investors as a group. Alas, in this Alice-in-Wonderland world of the financial markets, the investor feeds at the bottom of the food chain. Bogle calls for Congress to establish "a federal principle of fiduciary duty." Read Restoring Faith in Financial Markets here .
Filed under: Wall Street Journal, mutual funds, investing, John Bogle, markets, investors, US financial system, restoring faith in financial markets, institutional investors, short-term speculation, price of stocks